Xiaohua CHEN
,
Jing HU
材料科学技术（英）
Carbon nanotube (CNT)/maleic acid anhydride (MAH)-grafted polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by in situ grafting method. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the CNTs were linked to PP by MAH grafting. The microstructures and calorimetry analysis indicated that the crystallization behaviors of the filled and unfilled PP were quite different. The addition of CNTs dramatically reduced the spherulite size, increased crystallization rate and improved the thermal stability of PP. These results confirmed the expected nucleant effect of CNT on the crystallization of PP. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that the CNTs were dispersed homogeneously, indicating that the original CNT bundles were separated into individual tubes by the grafting.
关键词:
Carbon nanotubes
,
null
,
null
,
null
Xiangwen Zhou Yuefeng Zhu Ji Liang Suyuan Yu
材料科学技术（英）
A novel technology to prepare styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites was developed by combining a spray drying method and a subsequent mechanical mixing process. The cross-linking degrees of the vulcanized composites increased gradually with the additive CNTs contents. By comparing with those of the pure SBR composites, the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength and hardness of the composites filled with CNTs at certain contents were dramatically improved almost by 600%, 250% and 70%, respectively. The fabrication of the CNTs filled with SBR composites by combination of the spray drying method and subsequent mechanical mixing process was effective for enhancing the reinforcement
effects of CNTs in rubbers. The novel technology can also open a new route for the modification and reinforcement on the nanocomposites with large amount of CNTs.
关键词:
Carbon nanotubes
,
styrene-butadiene rubber
,
spray drying
,
mechanical mixing
,
nanocomposite
,
mechanical property
Xiang QI
,
Jun ZHANG
材料科学技术（英）
The substrate pre-treatment plays a key role in obtaining hollow-cored carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and solidcored carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from flames. This paper introduces a simply and high-efficient process by coating a NiSO4 or FeSO4 layer on the substrate as catalyst precursors. Comparing with the regular pretreatment methods, the present experiments showed that the coating pre-treatment provided the following advantages: 1) greatly shortening the synthesis time; 2) available variant substrates and carbon sources; 3) narrowing the diameters distribution. The sulfate is considered to be a crucial factor at the growth of CNTs and CNFs, because it increases the surface energy of catalyst particles and the surface specificity of sulfurs action in metallic grains. This novel process provides a possibility for high quality and mass production of CNTs and CNFs from flames.
关键词:
Carbon nanotubes
,
nanotubes
,
carbon
,
nanofibers
,
flam
M.H.Khedr
材料科学技术（英）
CO2 is a major component of the greenhouse gases, which causes the global warming. To reduce CO2 gas, high activity nanosized Ni+2 substituted Fe2TiO5 samples were synthesized by conventional ceramic method. The effect of the composition of the synthesized ferrite on the H2-reduction and CO2-catalytic decomposition was investigated. Fe2TiO5 (iron titanate) phase that has a nanocrystallite size of ~80 nm is formed as a result of heating Fe2O3 and TiO2 while the addition of NiO leads to the formation of new phases (~80 nm) NiTiO3 and NiFe2O4, but the mixed solid of NiO and Fe2O3 results in the formation of NiFe2O4 only. Samples with Ni+2=0 shows the lowest reduction extent (20%); as the extent of Ni+2 increases, the extent of reduction increases. The increase in the reduction percent is attributed to the presence of NiTiO3 and NiFe2O4 phases, which are more reducible phases than Fe2TiO5. The CO2 decomposition reactions were monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments. The oxidation of the H2-reduced Ni+2 substituted Fe2TiO5 at 500℃ was investigated. As Ni+2 increases, the rate of reoxidation increases. Samples with the highest reduction extents gave the highest reoxidation extent, which is attributed to the highly porous nature and deficiency in oxygen due to the presence of metallic Fe, Ni and/or FeNi alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of oxidized samples show also the presence of carbon in the sample containing Ni+2>0, which appears in the form of nanotubes (25 nm).
关键词:
Nanocrystallite
,
null
,
null
,
null
,
null
,
null
Kui LIANG
材料科学技术（英）
A nanocomposite of nickel oxide/carbon nanotubes was prepared through a simple chemical precipitation followed by thermal annealing. The electrochemical capacitance of this electrode material was studied. When the mass fraction of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) in NiO/CNT composites increases, the electrical resistivity of nanocomposites decreases and becomes similar to that of pure CNTs when it reaches 30%. The specific surface area of composites increases with increasing CNT mass fraction and the specific capacitance reaches 160 F/g under 10 mA/g discharge current density at CNT mass fraction of 10%.
关键词:
Nickel oxide
,
null
,
null
,
null
J.Koh
,
B.Kim
材料科学技术（英）
We present a brief review about recent results regarding carbon nanotube (CNT)-based chemical and biomole-cular sensors. For the fabrication of CNT-based sensors, devices containing CNT channels between two metal electrodes are first fabricated usually via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or “surface programmed assembly” method. Then, the CNT surfaces are often functionalized to enhance the selectivity of the sensors. Using this process, highly-sensitive CNT-based sensors can be fabricated for the selective detection of various chemical and biological molecules such as hydrogen, ammonia, carbon monoxide, chlorine gas, DNA, glucose, alcohol, and proteins.
关键词:
Chemical vapour deposition
,
vapour
,
deposition
,
carbon
,
nanotu
骆文彬
,
闻雷
,
罗洪泽
,
宋仁升
,
翟玉春
,
刘畅
,
李峰
新型炭材料
doi:10.1016/S1872-5805(14)60138-4
结合磷酸铁锂纳米化,并利用碳纳米管良好的导电性和大长径比等优良特性,采用喷雾干燥方法制备出碳纳米管原位复合磷酸铁锂正极材料。碳纳米管在材料合成过程中均匀分散在活性物质中,形成连续贯通的三维导电网络,这种结构可显著提高磷酸铁锂正极材料的电子导电性和锂离子的扩散速率。所得材料具有良好的大电流放电特性,在50 C 充放电时,比容量达到99 mAh/ g；同时该材料也具有优异的循环性能,在10 C 大电流充放电的情况下,450次循环后容量保持率仍大于90%。
关键词:
磷酸铁锂
,
碳纳米管
,
导电网络
,
锂离子电池
宋金玲
,
赵江红
,
郑剑锋
,
朱珍平
新型炭材料
doi:10.1016/S1872-5805(13)60076-1
利用爆炸辅助的化学气相沉积方法,以一系列稀土元素作为催化剂合成了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs).通过能量色散X射线谱、选区X-射线电子衍射谱和粉末X-射线衍射数据表明,催化剂是以氧化物形式存在MWCNTs外,这不同于传统的以金属或碳化物存在.结合中间体结构,结果显示,MWCNTs的形成遵循颗粒-线-管逐级进化的机制,稀土氧化物可能在促进碳纳米颗粒的各向异性的自组装过程中起主要作用,空腔是通过颗粒之间结构的重组和晶化进化形成.
关键词:
碳纳米管
,
氧化物
,
催化
,
进化机理
方伟
,
赵雷
,
梁峰
,
陈辉
,
龚仕顺
,
雷中兴
,
陈欢
新型炭材料
以木质素磺酸钙为原料,部分替代苯酚,合成具有良好水溶性的木质素改性酚醛树脂( LPF),并在其合成过程中将催化剂前驱体六水硝酸镍(NNH)加入到LPF体系中制备出硝酸镍复合木质素改性酚醛树脂(NLPF),经200°C×24 h固化后,于还原气氛下经800°C×3 h、1000°C×3 h、1200°C×3 h炭化处理,制得NLPF热解炭。探讨催化剂Ni在NLPF复合体系中的分散性,采用X射线衍射仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜分析NLPF热解炭的晶体结构及显微结构。结果表明,催化剂Ni均匀分散在NLPF复合体系中；NLPF热解过程中NNH被还原成单质Ni,其催化作用使热解炭中生成了结晶程度高的直线型碳纳米管,且呈网状相互交织,均匀的排布在热解炭气孔中；随着NNH添加量的增加,NLPF热解炭的石墨化程度提高,碳纳米管的生成量和直径增加；升高炭化温度同样可以增加碳纳米管的生成量,并使其长度增长。
关键词:
木质素改性酚醛树脂
,
催化剂
,
热解炭
,
碳纳米管
